Aspects of Psychology in Flannery Free Essays

Brain research has been a piece of writing since the start of its reality. Its references in the Bible which confirm that humanity is isolated from the set of all animals and furthermore show us the ordinary example to lead a compelling and compensating Christian life are portions of brain research in the establishment of life’s meaning. We consider these to be as truth as we have them ingrained inside us at an early age when going to chapel and perusing the book of scriptures. We will compose a custom paper test on Parts of Psychology in Flannery or on the other hand any comparative point just for you Request Now Brain research works a similar route in each sort of material one peruses. One is dependent upon brain research and the part it plays in every one of the short stories, books or sonnets one peruses. Anyway one may have not be completely mindful of how it influences our impression of the material. It is the thing that keeps us keen on the story. The mental intrigue that accompanies certain styles of composing and pinnacles the enthusiasm of the peruser who is holding on to see the end. As Thomas Kellogg states, â€Å"for the demonstration of composing represents to me the very pith of being human. Brain research is spoken to in each composition by the connections that are made adolescents the writers and its perusers. In Flannels O’Connor â€Å"Good Country People† her psychological methodology is handily comprehended, â€Å"cognitive brain research contrasts from different models in that it centers around the human intellectual movement of organizing and deciphering o ne’s world. † In this story we relate in light of the fact that we see Helga who has confidence in nothing and has seen what she accepts to be abhorrent since losing her leg. Her brain is so engaged in cynicism that she can't move beyond the past. At the point when she at long last does she is left in the horse shelter pondering internally that she was correct from the beginning. We likewise consider the To be as her mom despite everything has confidence in the book of scriptures and its significance. She sees nearly everybody as â€Å"good nation people† or â€Å"the salt of the earth. † O’Connor utilizes a composed mental methodology in the names of the characters. Mrs.. Freeman who works at the ranch is a tattle who openly rehashes the narratives she is told. Mrs.. Cheerful is hypothetically a confident and constructive individual who is continually tolerating of individuals, the story recommends it is on the grounds that she is a Catholic. The expressions of â€Å"Everybody is different† and â€Å"It takes various types to make the world† infers that she acknowledges and enjoys numerous sorts f individuals. At the point when she says â€Å"people who looked on the splendid side of things would be lovely regardless of whether they were not† gives her certain side of reasoning. Manley Pointer is only that, a man in a story with every single female character. His Manley ways allure the juvenile Helga who loses herself in light of a requirement for the fondness she is deficient. â€Å"Brewer’s ‘structural influence hypothesis was the primary model in talk brain research that genuinely endeavored to incorporate plot, office, and emotions† into writing. This story has done Just that by having littler parts that lead to the intense end where Manley takes her counterfeit leg and leave’s her abandoned or even the fast reference where Helga figures he may have stood her up. That is the thing that keeps every peruser inspired by the plot and makes one need to know the result. â€Å"The brain science of writing is subsequently interesting in its treatment of mental issues since words are utilized to communicate and impart data. † â€Å"Furthermore, essayists resemble analysts in being keen on the psyche, feelings and conduct. † In mindfully picking each expression of the story they pass on a message. In this story Mrs.. Cheerful depicts her affections for the new name of Helga for her little girl Joy. She thought â€Å"broad clear body of a battleship,† it rankled her so much that she wouldn't call her anything other than Joy. â€Å"In the investigation of human instinct, writing, a result of our developed human minds, is a plentiful wellspring of information on human wants and manners, causing to notice what is extremely significant in our lives. † This is appeared in the manner Helga both aches for a friend but on the other hand is somewhat tired simultaneously. Or on the other hand how the mother is depicted as a Christian, however can't be glad for her girl and the degree she got from school. When perusing this story one can identify with he depression, joy, absence of certainty veiled by outrage and express frustration felt by its characters. It is a really extraordinary story that shows the dynamic between the mother and her little girls, Helga and her mom, Helga and Manley just as the mother and Mrs.. Freeman. Propositions internal complicated stories can without much of a stretch identify with regular individuals and the hardships of society. Step by step instructions to refer to Aspects of Psychology in Flannery, Papers

Financial Appraisal of Design Options Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Budgetary Appraisal of Design Options - Essay Example This contrasts and 4.15% for Option 1 and 7.4% for Option 3. Choice 1 has the most elevated benefit among every one of the three choices. Thinking about the conditions, Option 2 causes minimal change regarding thickness, as it is a plan proposed to be reciprocal to existing improvements in the zone. It is the in particular choices regarding thickness yet the progressions in blended utilized territories and the decrease in rents and costs make its fundamental worth lower than the other two choices. Shop rental is  £200/m2 while office rental is  £160/m2. For this situation, constructing more shops will acquire benefits. Choice 1 has more shops proposed thus expected loss of benefits is least. Besides, Option 1 contains more blended utilized components than the other two choices and in this manner My inclination is Option 1 as it will create the most elevated benefits among the three alternatives. The gross improvement estimation of this alternative is likewise the most elevated contrasted and the other two and its money related reasonability is vastly improved as benefits are the most steady among all the choices. Monetary examination of Option 1 shows a moderately high benefit of  £9,291,385, 54.01% toward the end. It is as yet feasible for Option 1 to change during its last point by point plan, for example, a multi-story vehicle leave adjusted to underground vehicle leaving. This will expand the structure cost however will give another extra 840 m2 empty region. This zone can be intended for business utilize produce still more benefits dependent on the destinations unique arranging direction. In any case, then again, a downside of Option 1 is clearly its high development costs as all the materials utilized will be high-class to achieve its high incentive later on. A few materials can be of lower quality to lessen development costs. At any rate, Option 1 has a high-benefit level so regardless of whether segments of it are diminished, there is as yet the chance of giving progressively open green spaces or open parks to build the attractions and intrigue of the spot toâ the overall population.

The Apple Product Design

The Apple Product Design When it comes to design of smartphones, tablets and other similar products, one of the first names that will immediately come to mind is Apple. Indeed, it would appear that the brand name has become synonymous to premium product design and quality, and for good reason, too. After all, no one can dispute how Steve Jobs made sure that Apple, with its ambitious and innovative industrial-design team, became a trailblazer when it comes to consumer electronics’ design. If you were to ask what sets Apple products above its competitors, the answer would be “design”.Case in point: Apple products have now become icons and even symbols of popular culture. They even went on to win design awards and recognition and, as if that’s not enough, Apple products’ designs have “inspired” other manufacturing companies to come up with their own consumer electronics products hoping, but not all of them succeeding, to duplicate the offerings of the Apple products being copied.The design philoso phy of Apple can be traced to one person: Steve Jobs, the founder of Apple and the brilliant mind responsible for the products that, to this day, remain icons and have opened doors for other technologies. © Shutterstock.com | NeirfyIn this article, we share 1) Steve Jobs insights on design and 2) the Apple product design principles.STEVE JOBS ON DESIGNSteve Jobs was a perfectionist. He did not want a good design; he wanted a great one. And he got it.Just like other inventors and pioneers, Steve Jobs may have encountered more than his fair share of stumbling blocks when he first started Apple and was thinking about products that would get the interest of the buying public and actually convince them to spend their money. But, once he found his groove, Jobs proved to be unstoppable.Throughout his journey, Jobs has learned several lessons on design that proved to be valuable when he and his team were working on the latest product to offer to the public.Craft in a way that makes a lasting impressionAesthetic mattered a lot to Jobs. So what if that Apple logo unobtrusively etched finely on the bottom of the computer is not something that can be seen often? The great attention to detail tha t Apple puts into its products â€" yes, even the tiniest detail â€" is proof of how much time the design team devotes in every single aspect of the product design.Crafting of Apple products is done inside and out, with no stones left unturned, so to speak. From the circuit boards to the elegant finish, nothing is left to chance. In the Steve Jobs bio written by Walter Isaacson, Jobs touched on this ideal, relating a lesson he learned from his father about a carpenter who is making an elegant chest of drawers. The carpenter knows better than to use plain and cheap plywood on the back of the chest, for the simple reason that no one is going to see it anyway. The carpenter will still know that the plywood is there.In the context of Apple products, Jobs and his team will know that they did not pay much attention to the details and did not craft the product properly, even if the users do not. Fortunately, this is not an outlook that Apple cultivates, as it devotes its design efforts to e nsure that quality is integrated on all sides. So what if the design team has to spend hundreds, thousands, of hours on a single design aspect? These things should not â€" and must not â€" be done halfheartedly.Connect with the customerThis abstract talks about the role of customer behavior in relation with product design. Empathy, or establishing an intimate connection with the customers and, in the process, gaining deeper understanding of what they feel, what they want, and what they need, is vital in the design process. Apple takes this seriously, with the conviction that it understands its users’ needs better than any other manufacturer or similar company out there.Companies such as Panasonic and Sony are known to make products without putting the customers at the center. It is either the customers will buy them or not. Apple, on the other hand, made sure that it understood what the customers wanted. Not the actual product per se, but the features or conveniences that they are looking for. They integrated those feelings, desires or needs into the product design and, once they released the finished product, the customers will finally realize that they need that specific Apple product.Focus on what you are doingWhile designing, it is easy to get distracted by other opportunities that may or may be unrelated to the product being worked on. Jobs ensures that, once they have decided to work on something, they will devote 100% of their attention to that product or project. Everything else will fall by the wayside, either ignored or simply left to be picked up at a later date, most likely when the product being worked on has been finished.Jobs was known as a taskmaster, bringing focus and discipline to his product teams. In his mind, he already knew what product will result â€" what it looks like and what it can do â€" and he refused to be swayed by any deviation, in any way or form. This meant there was a clear road, a clear path, to follow.Impute the desired qualitiesThis pertains to the presentation of the design. Have you ever wondered why there are so few extraordinary designs compared to those that are so-so or do not make sense at all? The logical conclusion that most people would arrive at is that there aren’t simply enough good designs. That may not be entirely true, since it is also highly probable that there are actually a lot of excellent designs out there; they just are not given the attention that they are due.And why is that? Most likely, it is due to poor presentation by the designers and makers of the product. Do not forget that consumers are heavily influenced by first impressions. For many, one look at a new product is enough to make them decide whether it is worth their time â€" and money â€" or not. Thus, it is important to present the product creatively, yet still in a professional and credible manner. By doing so, you will be able to drive home the good points of the product and reiterate among your customers why they need the product: because the product has the qualities that they need or are looking for.User-friendlinessTechnology has a tendency to strike terror and fear in the hearts of users. It looks so advanced, so it must be difficult to learn, much less navigate, right? Jobs and his team squashed that notion by ensuring that their product design leans heavily on making high-tech devices easy to use.This “friendly” feature is not just on the function of the product, but also on how it looks. Yes, Jobs was particular on a product that looks friendly and wholesome, instead of intimidating.Design simplicityMore than anything, Jobs wanted Apple products to be simple and easy to use, and not just look like they are simple and easy to use. This is seen in how the Apple user interfaces are made to be intuitive. Users, too, need not undergo education and re-education, as the case may be, on several of the technologies, in order to operate or use the products. After all, the products are designed in a manner that is already understood by users.THE APPLE PRODUCT DESIGNIt is so easy to say that a company puts heavy emphasis on product quality. Product quality was never really in question when it came to Apple, but what of its design? What is it about the Apple design that makes it a cut above the rest? Let’s take a look at some of its defining traits.Simplicity and minimalisticWhen it comes to UI, Apple products have some of the friendliest and simplest out there. This is in acknowledgement of the fact that complex designs tend to overwhelm users, especially those who are relatively new to technology. By making the product look simple â€" and actually be simple â€" users are able to easily get over these fears and apprehensions.The intuitive nature of the Apple UI is one of the main reasons why it commands such loyalty from users, even when the price tag remains steep. At first, many were suspicious about a high-tech product that is simple. It just does not seem fea sible. When Apple launched the products, it made the critics eat their words, and turned them into fans and loyal Apple users.Keeping things simple also means knowing when to omit some features. Sometimes, consumer electronics manufacturers get a little in over their heads when the pack as much features as they can in their products, on the pretext of having more to offer users. The result is a highly complicated contraption that ends up becoming a headache.Distinctive designClean, friendly and fun. These are only three of the many adjectives that aptly describe the Apple design aesthetic. Try walking down a crowded street and check out what smartphones are being used by the people you meet. For sure, you will easily spot the unmistakable design of the iPhone, regardless of what version it is. And you do not even have to see the Apple logo to be sure about it.Apple products have a distinctive look that is credited hugely to what Jobs and his team started. This is actually very comme ndable since, for the longest time, simple has always been equated with plain and boring. Apple has successfully combined the two: simple products that look unique and distinct, without sacrificing functionality.Attention to detailApple incorporates precision in its design. Every groove, every curve, every varying degree of rounded corners… there is a reason behind them. And Apple does not try to cut corners by using cheaper alternatives for materials, either.By working closely with manufacturers, Apple is able to keep a tight rein on its quality control. It knows exactly what is going into the production process, and it is able to prevent cheap and subpar materials from entering the process and becoming part of the finished product. Similarly, it always keeps its eyes peeled on new manufacturing practices and innovations that will prove to be beneficial to Apple (read: maintain or enhance product quality further). For example, the iPod and several older versions of the iMac featu red layers of different-colored plastic material. This was made possible when Apple found a manufacturer that was able to perform this method â€" called “double-shot” method â€" and they worked together with that manufacturer to refine the process and apply it into the production of the iPod.This is part of the reason why Apple products are more expensive than others: they do not skimp on the materials used. While other manufacturers may seek alternatives such as plastic or metal substitutes â€" just because they are simpler to work with and cheaper to finance and sell â€" Apple stands by its design ideals.Well-structured product design processIt’s easy to say that what makes a product design is the idea itself. However, many overlook the actual design process. This is not a mistake that Apple makes, though, since it boasts a design method that can only be described as “well-structured”. Indeed, the design process is a “process”, and implemented as such.There is also a sense of intimacy in how the product design teams work within Apple. A design team only has around 12 to 20 people, and this limit is advantageous in terms of keeping the team focused. It is definitely much harder to manage a team with a lot of people, since there will be a lot of ideas flying around, no matter how tough of a taskmaster the team leader is.There is also the fact that the design process is not a standalone division within the company. There is a need to factor in how the design process will ultimately impact, or relate to, other aspects of the business, such as the production process, the engineers, marketing and sales and distribution. By keeping the team small, the design process will be much more manageable.Apple also has the following tips in order to have a great design for your product.Quality above all: Do not just focus on the packaging, or the number of features you packed into your product. The most important question is: does the product work according to users’ expectations? Do they deliver the functions that users are looking for? Apple puts emphasis on the overall customer experience; customer service, after-sales support, and even retail sales service. However, all that would be for nothing when the product design itself is of low quality. This also includes making sure you use high quality materials on the product.Be flexible when it comes to change: This is apparent in how Apple is willing to put its products through successive design iterations, doing away with the old to make way for the new. Change is constant, and it is even more fast-paced when it comes to technology. In order to ensure that your product design is abreast of the changing times and climes, you have to embrace them as they come, and integrate them into your design process.If you could, stay ahead of the pack: Apple has the advantage of being in control of both hardware and software, and its own technologies. This means that it is able to deliver products t hat are timely and will be compatible with the latest and newest technologies in the market. This level of control pretty much gives you a lot of freedom when working on product designs over time.Be innovative: What can you offer in your product that no one has ever done yet? Aim to be a pioneer. That’s what Steve Jobs did, and look where Apple is right now.Take your time: Rushing the product design stage proved to be more of a pitfall than a success point for many manufacturers. Many have gone this route, particularly those who are aiming for a specific release date for their product. More often than not, this results to “half-baked” products. Apple spends a considerable length of time in the design stage of its product development, and this was another philosophy passed down by Steve Jobs.Don’t be afraid to take risks: Nothing is a sure thing. Even Apple knows this. With every product it designs and plans to introduce to the market, it is taking a risk. It’s making a gam ble that may or may not pay off. But it should not be done recklessly, either. Take risks, as long as you have all your bases covered, and you have conducted all the necessary feasibility and viability studies.Understand the product: Just because you are tasked to work on the design does not mean that you should focus solely on it. You have to understand the materials used, the processes involved, and the nitty-gritty of the product. Only then will you have greater confidence when working on the final product design.Get help: Asking for inputs is one way to know whether you are on the right track or not. And who better to get input from than your potential users or customers? You can also get valuable input from other professionals, such as engineers, marketers, designers, and even manufacturers.Without doubt, the company stops at nothing to ensure that its customers get nothing but the very best. From the design all the way to the production and marketing, nothing is left to chance . This explains the high levels of success enjoyed by the company.

The Cultural Diversity And Identity - 1756 Words

Istanbul One of the most captivating cities in the world, Istanbul, known for its western and eastern traditional cities and being built on two continents has arguably one of the richest histories of architecture in the world. Rich periods in time can be exemplified through architectural examples can be observed in many structures throughout the country. Each defined period in Istanbul’s history can be clearly observed through its visual markers left in architecture. Even today, the cultural diversity and identity can be pictured through architecture. History of Istanbul Known today as Asian Istanbul, this land is believed to be inhabited as early as 3000 BC. The earliest recorded history is in the 7th century, when Greek colonists†¦show more content†¦The city was rebuilt and featured incredible structures such as the Hagia Sophia which symbolize the heights the Byzantine culture reached. Specific attributes that made living in such a city so desirable were its trade locations and transportation between three different continents. However, what made the city desirable also made it a target for those who wanted to take advantage of its attributes. Over the next several hundred years, the city was subject to attacks from Persians, Arabs and nomadic people trying to take over the city. Members of the fourth crusade, who also governed the city for a short time, also attacked Constantinople. All these attacked lead to an attack in 1453 by the Ottoman Turks led by Sultan Mehmet II. Due to the constant attacks led by others, the city s defenses we re severely weakened, allowing the Ottoman Turks to conquer the city. The city was then renamed to Istanbul, which became the third and last capital of the Ottoman Empire. The city was the center for military campaigns aimed at enlarging the Ottoman empire in a dramatic manor. By the mid 1500’s, the city of Istanbul had a population of nearly 500,000. With a population this large, the city was a major cultural, political and commercial nerve center. The Ottoman rule remained until its forces were defeated in World War I and Istanbul was occupied by the allies. Today, this area is now known as the Republic of Turkey, established in 1923 after the war ofShow MoreRelatedThe Role Of Cultural Diversity On The Identity Of The Person That Can Define Individual Backgrounds2008 Words   |  9 Pageswho they are. Culture plays a major role in defining and shaping the identity of the person that you have become because of the way you were raised and taught. The cultural diversity that helps define individual backgrounds in which it sets everyone apart. Every culture has their own morals and values that they believe in for instance the way how they see education as and the things that they believe is acceptable or not. Cultural background is what made you different from others because of the wayRead MoreCulture Has On The Process Of Learning And Teaching1382 Words   |  6 Pagesculture has on the process of learning and teaching. Santoro refers to Morgan and Slade who explore cultural learning tendencies and different views of knowledge, learning and teaching. For Indigenous people, it is suggested that they consider effective learning as being ‘contextual, interdependent, subjective and motivated by community commitment and obligation’ compared to non-Aboriginals where learning tends to be ‘fragmented and theoretical’ (Santoro, 2007). This highlights the need for teachersRead MoreEarly Childhood Education Is Supplying The Children s M arketplace During Identity Development858 Words   |  4 Pageschildhood education is supplying the children’s ‘marketplace’ during identity development. According to Siraj-Blatchford and Clarke (2004, p. 23) the effects of gender, culture and socio economic status overlap with other formative developmental categories in a complex way to shape a child’s identity. Or as Malaguzzi writes â€Å"we can never think of each child in the abstract† (1993, p. 1). By understanding and respecting issues of diversity and difference, educators are able to create an ‘environment asRead Moreculture diversity1404 Words   |  6 PagesAssignment- What information about diversity in the United States has helped you better understand or relate to others in ways that you may not have in the past? Have you learned something new about your own racial, ethnic, or cultural history? Trends in immigration will continue to shape the demographics of the United States. What will the U.S. population look like in the year 2050? Why do you think so? What challenges does the United States face due to the diversity of its people? What are the benefitsRead MoreDiversity in the Classroom Essay888 Words   |  4 PagesDiversity in classrooms can open student’s minds to all the world has to offer. At times diversity and understanding of culture, deviant experiences and perspectives can be difficult to fulfill, but with appropriate strategies and resources, it can lead students gaining a high level of respect for those unlike them, preferably than a judgmental and prejudiced view. Diversity has broad ranges of spectrums. Students from all across the continent; students from political refugees, indigenous AmericansRead MoreA Deeper Perspective Of Sociocultural Theory941 Words   |  4 PagesThe generic definition for diversity is the â€Å"state of having many different forms, types, ideas, etc.† (Merriam-Webster.com). Culture is similarly generically defined as the â€Å"beliefs, customs, and attitudes of a group of people or an organization† (Merriam-Webster.com). A deeper perspective encompasses sociocultural theory, where the social and cultural context of a person’s thought and actions are considered. According to sociocultural theory, we do not live in a vacuum. Interaction with socialRead MoreThe Government of Canada and Multiculturalism Essay examples1670 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Multiculturalism† entered public speech in the late 1960s and early 1970s in Canada that focused on unique cultural diversity, nationalities, a nd ethnicity across the nation. Multiculturalism and Immigration are important factors in the development of Canada to attain a strong multicultural example of economic stability, social and political growth which leads to the emergence of Canada’s identity and culture. The artefact design indicates the deep understanding of Canadian Multiculturalism which helpsRead MoreDiversity and Difference in Early Childhood Essay1148 Words   |  5 PagesTOPIC: Diversity and Difference in Early Childhood Education Personal interest: My first awareness of racial identity and diversity occurred when I was in Year 3. Having being raised acknowledging acceptance of people of racial or cultural difference my thoughts of children of colour were positive and impartial. However, one day a boy in my class of Sri Lankan descent got into trouble with another student, but only the Sri Lankan boy was asked to go to the principal’s office. During our lunchRead MoreWhat Makes Me Who I Am?851 Words   |  4 PagesI attempted to put my life in percentages basing them on what I felt I thought was most important. I immediately began to recognize who I am is a mixture of many things and from each I have built my perspective on life. I was well aware of my cultural affiliations and groups who I pertain to prior to this activity, but I was not aware of the input each has had on my life. As I created figure 2.1, I asked myself what about me is in my opinion the biggest part of my life. I found this activityRead MoreA Deeper Perspective Of Sociocultural Theory925 Words   |  4 PagesThe generic definition for diversity is the condition of having people of different races and cultures in an organization, such as a school. Culture is similarly generically defined as the beliefs, customs, and attitudes of a group of people or an organization. A deeper perspective encompasses sociocultural theory, where the social and cultural context of a person’s thought and actions are considered. According to sociocultural theory, we do not live in a vacuum. Interaction with social forces, or

Background Checks Course Work

Introduction Background check, also referred to as background investigation, is the procedure for obtaining criminal records, business records and records pertaining to finance in particular occasions like employment investigation of a person. These checks are usually required by potential employers on job seekers, in particular candidates applying for positions of high trust expectation, for instance school, sanatorium, a bank or a position in government. The checks are usually carried out by an agency of the government for a supposed charge, but can also be carried out by a personal company. The required information of a background check specifically embraces previous employment substantiation, credit score and unlawful history. Main Text These checks are used by employers on job seekers as a way of independently assessing a job candidate’s qualification, behavior, and health and to gauge possible risks to know the extent of wellbeing and security of the enterprise. Background investigation is also applied to carefully examine possible government employees so that they can obtain security assurance. On the other hand, the checks can be applied for unlawful purposes, like illegal discrimination, identity robbery, and infringement to privacy  (Ted, 2010). This paper explains the various ideas for the current legislation on background checks. It also examines legal procedures concerned with background checks and ways in which they can be improved. Various ideas for new legislation on background checks The first type of background check is the employment history background check. Here, is considered a good practice for employers to examine potential employee’s work record. Various methods have been proposed to enable an employer to tackle this. In case you have a goal of obtaining services and information that may be useful to you in doing employment record background check, the following ideas may be helpful. To start off, examine the applicant’s curriculum vitae and establish employment record given there. The CV is expected to have a list of references accompanied with contact information that you can access and get the facts given by the applicant. This can be achieved by making calls to the various places cited in the CV and asking for Human Resource unit or the persons identified as a referee and ascertain the information you require. in addition to making calls to ascertain the applicant’s work history, an employer is advised to send an email requiring an assessment of the person’s performance and capacity. Alternatively, you can request for the applicant’s tax return forms. These forms will provide the information on the places where the applicant has worked previously and this is another easier method of verifying this information. The other way of obtaining the facts is through obtaining the W-2 forms  (Business Legal Reports, Inc., 2006). These forms are also important in providing employment work history of an applicant. As can be seen, the options are quite in a wide variety and one can even apply online services to do employment record background check. This is most important for those that have a large number of applicants to examine. Besides, another important tool for carrying out background check is the character reference check. Under this, the employers are advised to ask the applicants for recommendation letters from their previous places of work. These will provide the facts concerning the character of the applicant at the place of work and help the employer to gauge the extent of seriousness of the applicant at work. However, applicants are allowed to use personal references while looking for the first job. These can be obtained from an acquaintance of an applicant who has a professional experience or qualification. The information provided by these recommendations can be used to gauge the behavioral level of the applicant. Employers are also recommended to ask the applicant if they have ever been engaged in any criminal activities or if they have been involved in any drug-taking activities but promise the applicants to keep the information confidential. This information is helpful in determining whether the applicant is morally good or not and hence their ability to win employer’s trust. Another check which is considered important is the education verification check. This is important because a large number of applicants tend to make false information about their educational background. This is helpful to employers to ensure hiring a person with the valid professional requirements. This can be achieved though checking certification, training and learning claims of the applicant. It also involves contacting the Universities and colleges attended to verify whether the applicant was in those institutions and years of graduation. A sample employment background check ascertains all post high school education information. The duration is a factor of the time the applicant took to graduate from the educational institution and when the degree or certificate was awarded  (Ted, 2010). Occasionally verification take time to achieve because some schools require that education claims are sent by mail while some schools close for long durations of time during the holidays or in mid-terms compelling verification process to wait. This calls for persistence. These extenuating circumstances should be however tolerated in order to achieve the intended objective. Nevertheless, it is highly recommended that an Education verification is done when a degree or qualifications is a requirement for a particular position. This provides valuable honesty verification, while assisting the employer against neglectful hiring claims. Current laws pertaining to background checks and how they can be improved Firstly, it is considered a good practice to carry out a background check online because it provides the facility managers with the ability to ascertain background details in short duration. It also easier to use online technique to check criminal records .On the other hand, online screening of services put skill executives in run of screening procedure and eliminate the need for middlemen   right know the important information. Secondly, it is recommended that rules are followed. Under this rule it is required that the applicant’s written approval be obtained before performing the background check. In case the applicant is not successful because of the outcome of the background check, they must be informed that the decisions were based on the outcome of the screening. The applicant then has a grace period during which he can rectify the mistakes he had made. Thirdly, it is highly recommended that a detailed background check should encompass Social Security Number Verification be carried out. This helps to ascertain if the applicant is the person he/she claims to be. The credit bureau data verifies the name connected with a number and validates where it was issued. It also gives information of people who may have used this number. The importance of this check is that the address history can be contrasted with that on an employment application. If any variations are identified, they need to be investigated before a lot of resources are spent on further checks. Furthermore, the address of history can be vital in criminal record inquiries. Criminal records. When inspecting criminal records, its no longer adequate to verify counties wherever the candidate has lived and/or worked, since in todays more movable civilization, there is a superior occurrence of community who has illegal records outer surface of their areas of dwelling/service. References Business Legal Reports, Inc. (2006). 5 Steps to Legal Background Checks. New York: Business Legal Reports, Inc. Ted, L. (2010). Background Checks: A Guide for Hr, security, and Investigations. New York: Taylor Francis.

Introduction of Event Marketing Free Essays

Introduction In the following, the feasibility analysis will define whether possible to organize the Game before 2030 in Hong Kong. game refers to the biggest multi-sport games after the Olympic game. There are 58 disciplines in this game. We will write a custom essay sample on Introduction of Event Marketing or any similar topic only for you Order Now Also, it is the biggest event in the Asian countries. This game is helped by the Olympic Council of China. They’re part of member organized the event every four years. (Olympic Council of China) Feasibility analysis 1. This event is a good idea Asian game can increase the awareness of sporting and the Hong Kong athletes can exchange the experience and communicate with another sport man/sport woman. It can improve the sporting infrastructure in Hong Kong and to meet the international standard of these sport equipments. Through the communication with other countries athlete, it can exchange the experience to gain more knowledge to perform the sport and the sport event well even to create the opportunity to organize another sport event to do so. Moreover, it can increase the importance of sport, to deliver the message of becoming a healthier person through sufficient physical exercise. It can increase the people’s willingness to doing exercise because they can know more about the sporty stuff via the Asian Game too. Samsung Distribution Channel iframe class="wp-embedded-content" sandbox="allow-scripts" security="restricted" style="position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);" src="https://phdessay.com/the-distribution-strategy-of-samsung/embed/#?secret=874mn943CC" data-secret="874mn943CC" width="500" height="282" title="#8220;Samsung Distribution Channel#8221; #8212; Free Essays - PhDessay.com" frameborder="0" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" scrolling="no"/iframe This game can attract more tourists to come to Hong Kong to visit the event and to visit the many attractions here to raise the reputation on it. 2. We have the skills required to plan and run the event In the past, Hong Kong held 5th East Asian game successfully. (Agency for volunteer service) This organization helps to enroll the volunteers to involvement in the East Asian Game previously. It is important for us to organize the similar event like the Asian Games. Moreover, Hong Kong Leisure and Cultural Services Department organize amount of the sport event successfully in Hong Kong (Appendix 3) We have the experience in conducting the sport event like Hong Kong Seven. It enriches our experience in sports event. (Hong Kong Sevens) Moreover, in 2008, Olympic and Paralympics Equestrian Events also organized in Hong Kong successfully. Moreover, we can seek the Olympic Council to transfer experience and allocate the helpers and planners to us to facilitate the event. Asian Game since 1951 and it held 16 times so as to have many good examples to refer with. In this case, we can sure the necessary skills, knowledge and capabilities can be fulfilled through various sources to support with. 3. Community is supporting the Asian games There are two aspects to decide whether the community support. It refers to the government approvals and publicity efforts. Since we have enough skills, well-planning, and effective in allocating resources, it is not hard to get the government to approve this Asian Game. The supporting documents and evidence needs to submit to the government to get the permit. Before submitting to the government, we should seek the options of the residents who are nearing the event’s location. Normally, we need some helpers to collect the option of the residents, to conduct the survey with the citizen to persuade them to involve in this event. In this case, most of them will agree with the event because it is the international sport event and can enhance the reputation of Hong Kong. After the agreement of them, we need the publicity to help us to promote the event in a positive way to gain the government approve and support. 4. We have the infrastructure in the community The place that used to conduct the sport event is sufficient. There are many locations available to conduct the event. We can use the resources that are used in East Asian Games previously. Firstly, the Victoria park swimming pool is available to organize the swimming competition. Appendix 1) There have the parking space near the Swimming pool Also, it’s near the Tin Hau MTR station, have a bus stop on the Hing Fai Street (Appendix 2) In addition, there is Taxi stop, Mini bus stop , tram stops Near the MTR station. The audience of the swimming event can use these transportation tools to go and leave for the event. Moreover, there are lots of Leisure Facilities which are located in Hong Kong. (See Appendix 4) All of them have enough parking spaces, good transportation network, well-constructed roads and tracks, huge exhibition area, supplement of electronic power, water and heating and good as sewage treatment. . Can we get a venue at a price we can afford? According the Previous Press release, running a sport event used around 2. 4 billion and received around 1. 17 billion. We expected that the expenditure of Asian Games is 3. 4 billion and the revenue of 2. 17 billion. We can find sponsors to support the cost of decoration and catering to reduce the expenditure of the Asian Games. Moreover, the venue of the competition has a regular period to maintain the quality of the venue and the equipment in order to achieve the international standard requirements. We need to gain the safety teams to help to dialogues the sport person’s safe. St John is mainly responsible for the large scale of different kinds of event. It keeps to providing the first aid service in Hong Kong. (Please refer to Appendix 6) The venue manager is important when running the event, also, it is a critical role to decide whether the event successful so that he is necessary to monitor the arrangement of the venue. 6. Will the event attract media support? The Asian Games event will attract media support because it has over 20 countries to join our event so that the media must broadcast the event two or from the country. Most of the promotion tools rely on the sport event time interval to charge higher prices so that the media will support this game. Most of the company will place heavy advertisement during this period to enhance the awareness of them so that the media will encourage that kind of event. Moreover, the media can enrich the information and to deliver to their audience, to shape the issue, to trigger the discussion of the event. Moreover, the media is more willing to support the government-based event because the government will place advertisement in different media periodically. Once the media help the government, the opportunity to place the advertisement or public release in the media will increase. 7. The event is financially viable There are many ways to raise the capital to cover the costs. The sponsorship is the key sources of capital. We can find different sponsors to help us to facilitate the event. Omega companies can take responsibility on timing service. FedEx can help to deliver the materials which are related to the sport event. HSBC can sponsor some part of our expenses. Nike can sponsor the clothes of the sport person. Samsung can support all of LED display monitors. Although is it a vast investment in this event, the raising capital is not hard to complete once it is well-arranged. Also, we can sell the souvenirs to enhance the revenue. Some of the audience prefer to buy in memory of this event or as a gift to others. 8. The event will attract audiences Through the media and community support, it is sure attracting audience interest. Added up the government, it enhances the involvement of citizens. Also, the sponsors will help us to spread out the information about the event. Moreover, it is an international event in Hong Kong which it only once upon a time so that it is the selling point of this event. People can see the sport man who are coming from different and not coming before the event. The Uniqueness of this event is attractive for the audience. It brings benefits for the audience to observe the performance of them which is coming from various countries. 9. The success criteria are reasonable We can referring the past experience of organizing with the event and believe that this event is very attractive for the audience and the community, edia, government and sponsors will support us because it bring a lot of benefits for them. Enhance the awareness of them is a good example to illustrate this situation. Also, we are financially affordable, it enhance the opportunity for success as well. We can deliver the importance of sporting to the Hong Kong’s citizen success through the tools that mentioned above so that it is possible to gain success. The purpose of communicating with the sport man/woman is achieved in this event. Exchange the experience of against the competition also useful for them. 10. What are the risks? There have risks when running the event. It refers to the management risk and weather risk. Firstly, it is difficult to sure that all things are in control. It should have many meetings to communicate with a different department to maintain the consistency of the direction. Secondly, the weather is difficult to predict with 100% accurately so that is should provide other alternatives and to plan the arrangement of delay on competition. Conclusion To conclude, this event is worthy to start with because it brings a lot of long term benefits to the worldwide so that it should be going to run the event. How to cite Introduction of Event Marketing, Papers

Use of Fish Oil in Arthritis for Healthcare -myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theUse of Fish Oil in Arthritis for Healthcare. Answer: Introduction: Healthcare professionals use evidence based journal articles in order to decide whether an intervention is fruitful on the patients and that, it does not harm the patients. In the case study, the patient Peggy wants to know that whether fish oil is effective for osteoarthritis and that whether she can use it to relive her osteoarthritis Depending upon the clinical question, databases should be searched properly so that good evidences are available for the healthcare professional to suggest Peggy about the benefits of fish oil. Key words/search terms/phrases Alternative words/spelling P Older women with osteoarthritis Older women suffering form osteoarthritis, arthritis affected old women, old women having osteoarthritis I Use of fish oil Intake of fish oil, ingestion of fish oil capsules C Those who do not take the intervention Older women who do not take intervention, those who fail to take in fish oil O Gain relief Effective treatment, lowered suffering, better quality life The two databases that can be used to gain information for finding out the evidence of the effectivity of fish oil would be the Medline plus and Cinahl. The main question that is to be answers from the Pico framework is Do older women suffering from osteoarthritis get benefits from using fish oil in comparison to those patients who do not use the oil? The first database would be the Medline database. This database can be described as a bibliographic database. The full form of the database is Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, or MEDLARS Online. This is utilsed by healthcare professionals and students of sciences as this database mainly helps in the providing of different journal papers, books and articles. They also help in providing medical information (Butler, Hall Copnell, 2016). They also cover specific domains like molecular evolution, biology and also biochemistry. It also covers medicine, dentistry, nursing, pharmacy and the journals are used by lots of professionals and students for publishing authentic papers. Another database which is highly preferred by healthcare professionals is Cinahl. The full form of this database is called the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature. It has papers which are mainly in English language and remain based on allied health, nursing and also healthcare and biomedicine. This site is very much helpful to students as well as nursing professionals, young researchers and other professionals for finding evidence based papers. They mainly keep papers which are not only authentic but are also the work of some of the best quality researchers of the renowned university. Moreover they have a filtered framework approach which helps in picking the right papers successfully (Beckles et al., 2013). Therefore, Cinahl would be used for finding the right paper here. Table 2: Actions Search mode Results Limiters (or expanders) S1 Fish oil AND arthritis AND old women Boolean operation: AND 0 Expanders to all texts Limiters English text, 1998 to 2010 S2 Fish oil AND arthritis FOR old patients Boolean operation: AND Truncation FOR 5 Expanders to all texts Limiters English text, 1998 to 2010 S3 Fish oil IN osteoarthritis patients Truncation: IN 25 Expanders to all texts Limiters English text, 1998 to 2017 S4 Fish oil given ON patients WITH osteoarthritis Truncation: ON WITH 20 Expanders to all texts Limiters English text, 1998 to 2017 S5 Fish oil FOR old patients WITH osteoarthritis Truncation: FOR, WITH 12 Expanders to all texts Limiters English text, 1998 to 2017 S6 Fish oil osteoarthritis old people No truncation: No Boolean operations: 13 Expanders to all texts Limiters English text, 1998 to 2017 In the first search, it was seen that a large number of papers were provided by the database as no particular limiters or extenders were provided. There were also many articles which did not at all meet with the criteria of the PICO questions. Therefore, it was very important to narrow out our searches with the right types of papers that would suit with the PICO question. After the thorough search, articles numbers reduced and the articles which were ultimately found were aligning with the PICO questions. Out of the new articles, two articles were selected which are as follows: Peanpadungrat, P. (2015). Efficacy and safety of fish oil in treatment of knee osteoarthritis.J Med Assoc Thai,98(Suppl 3), S110-14. In this article, the author had correctly helped in making readers know that fish oil taken in the amount of to 1000 to 2000 Mg daily help in the reduction of pain in the adults and increase of doses do not have any different effects in comparison to that of low dose of fish oil. El-Fatah, N. K. A., Kheder, S. M. M., El-Sayed, N. A. E. R., Helal, A. E. M. H. (2016). Effect of Omega 3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Supplementation on Osteoarthritic Knees among Females.International Journal of Health Sciences and Research (IJHSR),6(4), 362-369. An important information was provided by the authors where they used fish oil which contains omega three fatty acids for the test of its efficacy on treatment with knee osteoarthritis in women who were aged 40 to 25 years old.. it suggested that a dose of 2000 mg omega 3 PUFA has significant effect on the inhibition of inflammation and helps in reduction of arthritic symptoms. Therefore the patient can be advised to take fish oil as it has benefitting effect on osteoarthritis pain and management. References: Beckles, Z., Glover, S., Ashe, J., Stockton, S., Boynton, J., Lai, R., Alderson, P. (2013). Searching CINAHL did not add value to clinical questions posed in NICE guidelines.Journal of clinical epidemiology,66(9), 1051-1057. Butler, A., Hall, H., Copnell, B. (2016). A Guide to Writing a Qualitative Systematic Review Protocol to Enhance Evidence?Based Practice in Nursing and Health Care.Worldviews on Evidence?Based Nursing,13(3), 241-249. El-Fatah, N. K. A., Kheder, S. M. M., El-Sayed, N. A. E. R., Helal, A. E. M. H. (2016). Effect of Omega 3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Supplementation on Osteoarthritic Knees among Females.International Journal of Health Sciences and Research (IJHSR),6(4), 362-369. Peanpadungrat, P. (2015). Efficacy and safety of fish oil in treatment of knee osteoarthritis.J Med Assoc Thai,98(Suppl 3), S110-14.

Social Impact Assessment free essay sample

Definition SIA first emerged in the 1970s in the U. S, as a way to assess the impacts on society of certain development schemes and projects before they go ahead for example, new roads, industrial facilities, mines, dams, ports, airports, and other infrastructure projects. It has been incorporated since into the formal planning and approval processes in several countries, in order to categorise and assess how major developments may affect populations, groups, and settlements. SIA is often carried out as part of, or in addition to, Environmental Impact Assessment, but it has not yet been as widely adopted as EIA in formal planning systems, often playing a minor role in combined environmental and social assessments. As to standard definition Social impact assessment includes the processes of analysing, monitoring and managing the intended and unintended social consequences, both positive and negative, of planned interventions (policies, programs, plans, projects) and any social change processes invoked by those interventions. We will write a custom essay sample on Social Impact Assessment or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Its primary purpose is to bring about a more sustainable and equitable biophysical and human environment. (International Association for Impact Assessment) A substantial academic literature has developed around the techniques and the application of SIA, and it is widely taught and practiced. Major consultancy firms offer SIA expertise (which could be offered to developers, governments, or campaign organisations). They, and individual skilled practitioners and academics are often called upon to produce SIA reports, particularly in advance of proposed new infrastructure projects. The academic backgrounds of SIA practitioners are diverse, but may include applied sociology, anthropology, geography, development studies, and planning. SIA overlaps substantially with the current interest in monitoring and evaluation (ME). ME is carried out after a project or development has gone ahead, to assess impacts and to see how well its goals were met. Evaluation is particularly important in the areas of 1. public policy, 2. health and education initiatives, and 3. international development projects more generally, whether conducted by governments, international donors, or NGOs. In all these sectors, there is a case for conducting SIA and evaluations at different stages. There is a growing concern that projects of all types (from large dams to the work of small rural development NGOs), are efficiently conducted, do not disadvantage local people, and do not generate negative social and environmental impacts. Increasingly, there is also a concern that non-experts and local people participate in the design and implementation of proposed developments or programmes. This can be achieved in the process of doing an SIA, through adopting a participatory and democratic research process.

Free Essays on Tiberius And Claudius

Assess the contribution Tiberius and Claudius made to Rome and its Empire Tiberius and Claudius both made significant contributions to Rome and it’s Empire. According to ancient writers Tiberius’ contributions were minor but still significant, and Claudius had made more extensive and large contributions. The contributions of Tiberius include administrative, the welfare of the population, foreign policy and diplomacy, and financial. The contributions of Claudius include administrative, foreign policy, peace and prosperity, welfare of the population and public works. Despite these contributions, both Tiberius and Claudius shattered the well-produced image of Rome by their appearance or personality and both had been under the influence of devious men and women. Tacitus, Suetonius and Cassius Dio all acknowledge that Tiberius made capable administrative contributions to Rome. Perhaps Tiberius’ greatest contribution in administration to the welfare of the people was his maintenance of law and order, as Tacitus comments that Tiberius quickly settle disputes in court so there won’t be any disturbances in the community. This is reinforced by Suetonius’ account where he describes that Tiberius decreased the distance between police posts to safeguard the country and therefore Tiberius had contributed peace and safety to the people of Rome and its Empire. He appointed the city Prefect who, with the aid of the urban cohorts, was responsible for keeping law and order in the city. Tiberius made contributions to the welfare of the people of Rome as the Velleuis Paterculus informs us that Tiberius used his private fortune by providing aid for the victims of major disasters, such as the Tiber floods and the disastrous fire at the Aventine. According to Cassius Dio, Tiberius had also used his private fortune to rebuild and adorn practically all the public works and assisted both the city and the private individuals. Tiberius had contrib... Free Essays on Tiberius And Claudius Free Essays on Tiberius And Claudius Assess the contribution Tiberius and Claudius made to Rome and its Empire Tiberius and Claudius both made significant contributions to Rome and it’s Empire. According to ancient writers Tiberius’ contributions were minor but still significant, and Claudius had made more extensive and large contributions. The contributions of Tiberius include administrative, the welfare of the population, foreign policy and diplomacy, and financial. The contributions of Claudius include administrative, foreign policy, peace and prosperity, welfare of the population and public works. Despite these contributions, both Tiberius and Claudius shattered the well-produced image of Rome by their appearance or personality and both had been under the influence of devious men and women. Tacitus, Suetonius and Cassius Dio all acknowledge that Tiberius made capable administrative contributions to Rome. Perhaps Tiberius’ greatest contribution in administration to the welfare of the people was his maintenance of law and order, as Tacitus comments that Tiberius quickly settle disputes in court so there won’t be any disturbances in the community. This is reinforced by Suetonius’ account where he describes that Tiberius decreased the distance between police posts to safeguard the country and therefore Tiberius had contributed peace and safety to the people of Rome and its Empire. He appointed the city Prefect who, with the aid of the urban cohorts, was responsible for keeping law and order in the city. Tiberius made contributions to the welfare of the people of Rome as the Velleuis Paterculus informs us that Tiberius used his private fortune by providing aid for the victims of major disasters, such as the Tiber floods and the disastrous fire at the Aventine. According to Cassius Dio, Tiberius had also used his private fortune to rebuild and adorn practically all the public works and assisted both the city and the private individuals. Tiberius had contrib...

Is self-confidence necessary for effective leadership Essay

Is self-confidence necessary for effective leadership - Essay Example Learning to be lowly and learning to be small will make us great somedayThere is a great host of leaders recorded in the Bible. If we have to learn their ways, faith, principles, and beliefs, we will come to the inevitable conclusion that these great leaders like Moses, Noah, Peter, Paul, and many others, was found to be able and successful leaders because they have learned to accept that they are nothing; that the Creator is able to produce great things from nothing. Nothingness is the best place and idea to start a creation. When we do something out of something that already exists, we fashion it in a manner by which we always consider the kind of material that exist; but everything is possible, and every idea can be freely conceived if you create something out of nothing like what God have done (Soriano, E. F., 2004). Hollenbeck and Hall also mentioned in their article that "Leader's self-confidence causes followers to believe in the capabilities of the leader and the direction set." Contrary to that, Soriano said that "A leader, in the truest sense of the word, must be someone being followed intelligently by followers of understanding.

How does adult educational programming support Jesuit values today Essay

How does adult educational programming support Jesuit values today - Essay Example Jesuit core values consist of promotion of academic excellence, whole person education and promotion of open-minded arts. Jesuit tradition emphasizes on the pursuit of academic excellence. It promotes the love for learning among individual community members. Jesuit education emphasizes on whole person education, which is based on the tenet that the core feature of Jesuit education is to help in the development of all the God-given talents in people. Jesuits believe that people’s potential can be harnessed through offering education and learning opportunities to them. Through the implementation of adult education programming, Jesuit achieves its objective of imparting knowledge to every member of the society, which improves their intellectual capacity. Through the program, adults can easily read their bible and make informed decisions because they are enlightened. The program can significantly promote the love for education among adult members of the society, which is a core ingredient of the Jesuit education and tradition. As such, the implementation of adult educational programming is likely to promote the fundamental values of Jesuit tradition such as fostering academic excellence and education of whole

Investment analysis: AirAsia Berhad

Investment analysis: AirAsia Berhad 1.0 Market analysis Before we can proceed further in deciding whether investing in AiraAsia is a good choice or not, we have to do a market analysis on the market condition of the airline industry. Our market industry is based on five main elements which are: 1. Legal Like all industries in the market, the airline industry is also tied to certain legal policy of the government so as to ensure the safety and the consumers rights. For the airline industry worldwide, the rules and regulation are set by the International Civil Aviation Organization and is revised from time to time. The rules and regulations are mostly about flights safety measurements and also the management of safety during flight such as making the providence of first-aid kit compulsory on every aircraft in case anything happen during flight. Not only that, the air stewardess and air steward must have basic knowledge of first aid. 2. Politics Politics play a major role in the performance of the airline company as well. Any political policy that is to the airline companys disadvantage will affect the performance and annual profit of the airline. When the very first airline company was established in Germany, which is Deutsche Luftschiffahrts-Aktiengesellschaft(DELAG), on 16 November 1909, it was under Germanys government service. But as the 20th century approaches, airline companies are ‘deregulated. Airline deregulation according to the Wikipedia encyclopedia is the process of removing entry and price restrictions on airlines affecting the carriers permitted to serve specific routes. Airline deregulation began in the United States of America in 1978 and from there exist the Airline Deregulation Act 1978 whereas for Europe, deregulation only began in the 1990s. Before deregulation happened, the airline company has to abide by the instructions of the government concerning the routes and the choice of which airports to land on and depart from. Whereas after deregulation, the airline company has the freedom to choose any routes that they want and whichever airports that they want to stopover at. There are pros and cons to the deregulation of the airline company. The pro is the airline company has the freedom to decide on the operation of the airline whereas the con is that the entry barriers for new airline entrants are lower. Thus, creating a more competitive market for established airlines. This is when the low cost carrier airline starts to appear in the market, such as Tiger Airway (Singapore), Jetstar Airways (Australia) and Pacific Blue Airlines (New Zealand). The appearance of these airways will lower the profit margin of the existing airways as Low Cost Carrier (LCC) airlines tend to price their airfare at the very minimum price as possible. Another political aspect is the existence of bilateral agreements between two or more countries regarding the authority of stopovers at different airports. Bilateral agreement is normally based on the concept of ‘freedom of thee air where it gives the airline the freedom or rights to fly in the air space of another country and also be permitted to stop at the airports of their choice. And sometimes, some country may even allow foreign airline to operate on their domestic routes, but this is very rarely to be found. This move by the government will remove many of the barriers to competition and allowing their own airlines to have foreign partners or code sharing partners. This will further increase the airline access to more international routes and also further exposed the airline to foreign countries. Both the airline deregulation policy and the bilateral agreements play a major role in determining the successfulness of an airline company. A policy set by the government may in hibit or aid in the success of an airline company. 3. Economics When we look at the economic side of the market, we will first look at the overall Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in the world. GDP is the value of all final goods and services from a nation in a given year. GDP is the best tool to use when accessing the performance of a country as it takes all the industries and products into consideration. A few of countrys GDP and the contribution of agriculture, industry and services to the total of GDP are listed in the table below. Country Growth rate (%) Agriculture (%) Industry (%) Services (%) China 8.7 10.9 48.6 40.5 Egypt 4.5 13.1 37.7 49.2 India 4.4 15.8 25.8 58.4 Nigeria 3.8 33.4 34.1 32.5 Thailand -3.5 12.3 44 43.7 Venezuela -1.5 4.0 34.6 61.4 America -2.4 1.2 21.9 76.9 Singapore -2.6 0.0 26.8 73.2 Malaysia -2.8 10.1 42.3 47.6 Source: CIA The World Factbook and Wikipedia Encyclopedia All the countries have different GDP, some countries may have negative growth and some countries have positive growth. This is normal as during 2008 is when the financial crisis happened. But not all countries did not benefit from the global economy downturn as some countries have positive growth rate for their GDP. This may be due to the fact that the countries benefited from industries that bring losses to another country which results in a tradeoff between the benefits between countries. The services industry contributes to most of the total of the GDP of the countries listed above except for china, Nigeria and Thailand. All three of these countries are more focused on industrial industry which may be due to the fact that these countries have more labored intensive industries. Thus, this shows that service industry plays an important role in the performance of a country and service industry includes airline industry. From the GDP of a country; we can look at the purchasing power parity (PPP) of the consumers. If the GDP of the country is low or is a negative value, this means that the PPP of the citizen is low and vice versa. The PPP of consumers can also be linked directly to the inflation rate of a country. As the inflation rate increase, the PPP of consumer will drop. Inflation rate will increase the price of goods in general as the demand exceeded the supply of the goods. Thus, decreasing the amount of extra money allocated for luxurious goods which also include travelling and entertainments. So the changes in the GDP of a country will affect all the industries, including the airline industry. There are times when not only the GDP will affect the performance of an airline; it may be due to natural disasters which include earthquake, tsunami and flash flood which have been happening quite frequently nowadays. All of these can disrupt the operation of the airline companies as facilities and airports maybe destroyed in the process. Thus, causing an airline company to face loss in the event of natural disasters. Another event that might affect the economic performance of an airline company is terrorism such as the event of the ill-fated day of September 11, 2001where American Airlines and United Airlines was hijacked. This had caused both airways to face huge losses due to the decline in value of the airways stocks. This can reflect the confidence of the customers towards both the airlines had declined extremely as an aftermath of the hijacking event. Below is the graph depicting the change in stock price for both companies. 4. Social As the years goes by, consumer demands are evolving gradually. The consumers nowadays want anything that is their convenience, cheap and can be done instantly without going through painstaking procedures. So as to accommodate the change in the demands of the customers, the airline company has to improvise themselves from time to time. Most of the airline companies nowadays have their own websites. This is to make it easier for the consumers to check the availability of tickets, the schedule of the airline and also enabling the consumers to purchase their ticket through e-ticketing. All of these are to the customers convenience. So as to attract more customers, some airlines are now practicing online check-in of luggage where luggage can be checked-in within 24 hours of the scheduled flight. Social and economic factors are closely related to each other as any changes in the market economy will directly affect the consumer behavior. As stated above under the economic factors, the event of financial crisis will affect the PPP of the customers as prices of goods have been increased due to inflation. In order to save more money, consumers will opt for cheaper goods. The same goes to the purchase of airfares. The lower the airfare is, the better it is and this even applies to business travelers travelling on premium class. This can be proven by a study done by the International Air Transport Association (IATA) where it shows that the consumers choice of seats have changed as the number of premium class travelers have decreased. This can be seen clearly from the graph below. The graph shows that the number of premium passengers had started to fall since july 2008 and keeps dropping until sometime in may 2009 before it the number of passengers travelling on premium class starts to increase gradually. Even though there is an increase of passengers travelling on premium class, it still takes time for the airline company to rebound back from the huge amount of losses that they have incurred. 5. Technology With the advancement of the technological changes in the world, the technology used by the airline company also improvised with time. In the past, whenever the customers wanted to buy air tickets, they will have to go to either the airlines office or any travel agency to purchase their tickets. But now, customers can just purchase their ticket with a click of the mouse. They do not even need to step out of the house, as long there is internet available. Advanced check-in can also be done through the internet 24 hours prior to the flight departure. All of these technologies are to the consumers convenience. Advancement in the technology of the airline industry can also be seen on the safety and the comfort of the aircraft. Aircrafts nowadays are more comfortable, safer and in-flight entertainment is also provided for long haul flights. This is very different from the olden aircraft where the main purpose of the aircraft is just to transport passengers from one point to another. Both the Airbus and Boeing Company are improvising their aircraft from time to time in so as to ensure that their aircraft is the best in terms of safety and also the comfort level. Airline companies in the market are also using the advancement in technology to implement risk management by providing good and reliable databases for risk analysis and targeting, providing faster and more effective business processes, more efficient recordkeeping and providing better services to the customers. 2.0 Airline Industry Analysis The airline industry had always been a highly regulated industry from the beginning of its establishment. The deregulation or liberalization movement initially started in the US in 1978. Governments usually treat the airline industry differently compared to some other industries due to the sensitivity of the aviation business, which involve some national security and sovereignty issues. In this report, Porters Five Forces Model is being used to analysis the aviation industry structure to provide an overall view of the industry. This is a well-established model, in which the industry can be simulated as a model influenced by five different factors called ‘forces as shown in Figure 1.1. A suitable dynamic interaction of these five forces shapes the basic structure to determine the profitability and attractiveness of the industry. 2.1 Industry Competitor The degree of rivalry is one of the most important factors that determining profitability of the industry. The market growth and number of competitors are some of the causes that will affect the industry rivalry. For the airline industry where its fixed cost is usually very high and the variable cost is low, competition is fierce as airlines are trying to generate revenue to reach break-even level in order to survive. Competition in the airline industry can be divided into competition between low cost carriers (LCCs) and full service carriers (FSCs) in both regional and domestic markets. There are 6 budget airlines in Malaysia which are Air Asia, Firefly, Tiger Airways, Cebu Pacific, Jetstar, and Lion Air. The competition among low cost carriers is usually fiercer as offering the cheaper airfare is utmost important for them. One of the main reasons that passengers choose to use a LCC is â€Å"cheaper airfares†. Since most of the low cost carriers do not have frequent flyer program to impose switching cost on customers, it is rather difficult for them to build up customer loyalty except constantly offering a cheaper airfare to retain their customers. On the other hand, there are a lots of full service airline in Malaysia such as MAS, Cathay Pacific Airway, China Airlines, Eva Airways Corporation, and so on. Thus, the competition between full service carriers is more complicated. This is because FSCs are competing in many aspects of their services, such as network coverage, flight frequency, and service quality and ticket prices. While the competition between FSCs and LCCs are mainly focused on attracting each others market as they usually have different customer groups. Customer base of LCCs are largely made up of leisure traveler while FSCs appear to be more attractive for business traveler. 2.2 Suppliers Suppliers are those who provide necessary raw material, equipment and labor for an airline to perform their daily operation. Suppliers strength can greatly affect the industrys profitability, if there is a high concentration in the supplier power, they can exert influence on airlines thus increasing their bargaining power. Major inputs for airline to provide their services to passengers are aircraft, labor, fuel and landing slots. The fleet is the most important assets for airlines to generate revenue. However, there are only two major aircraft manufacturers in the West, Boeing and Airbus, which almost monopolizing the wide-body civil transport aircraft market worldwide. Hence, the bargain power of aircraft manufacturers against airlines remains very strong, as the concentration of aircraft supplier market is very high. Some airline employees are considered as highly specialized and professionals, such as pilots and aircraft technicians. Due to their specializations, it is almost impossible for an airline to find replacements for pilots or maintenance workers in short time, which may cause an increase in the bargaining power of their employees over the airlines. In this regard, the labor cost is one of the biggest operating costs of most airlines. However, cutting cost is the main agenda of airline nowadays, and the labor cost is always the first to be the victim. 2.3 The Buyers Power The buyers power is defined as the influence that customers can have on the airlines revenue affecting ticket prices and service charges. If the buyers power is strong enough, customers can set the ticket price, and vice verse. Strong buyer power can bargain away potential airline profit and extract other benefits from airlines such as quality-improved services. Some of the favorable factors to strong buyers power in the airline industry are relatively low customer switching cost, low product differentiation, and freely available information on Internet. Nevertheless, the buyers power may be weaken by low buyer concentration or small purchase volume. Although fierce pricing war dispute among the airlines, it is notably that buyers do not play proactive roles in the pricing war. Current price impacts in the market is aimed to keeping the airlines competitors out of the market rather than providing the low pricing power of the airlines to their customers. Besides, travel agents, who us ually buy air tickets in large volume, yield greater power but they use this concept to strengthen their position in the market rather than transferring the cost benefit to costumers. 2.4 New Entrant â€Å"New entrant† refers to any new player in the aviation market which will compete with the incumbents. A key criterion to analyze the threat of new entrant in the industry is to analyze the level of entry barriers. Entry barriers are obstacles that may discourage others from entering the market hence affect the competition of the industry. New entrants will also lower the potential profits of the industry as a whole. Most common entry barriers in airline industry are regulation restrictions, labor, access to distribution channels and high capital requirement. However, the entry barriers to the airline industry had generally been lowered recently, especially on the regulation restrictions and distribution channels. The example of new entrant to Low Cost Carrier s is Firefly airline, which was growth recently and become a strong competitor to Air Asia airline. 2.5 Substitutes â€Å"Substitution† represents the threat that other industries or transportation may offer a product, which can replace air transport. The threat of substitution depends on the type of flight, namely long haul or short haul, and travel purpose such as business or leisure. For short haul and leisure travel, the main substitution threat in the Asia Pacific comes from surface transport such as road and sea transport. Even though some of the airfares from LCCs are lower than bus fare, but after paying for the airport charges and insurances, customers will find that generally the total cost of air travel is still higher than that of road transport. Although surface transport is cheaper in term of money, it still costs the passenger more in terms of time and efficiency. Furthermore, road transport generally will not compete with long haul travel, especially for cross nation traveling. On the other side, latest technology inventions such as videoconference pose a bigger threat for business travel. In the aftermath of 911, many worries that the airline industry will be substituted by video conferencing companies as they assumed that people will be less willingly to travel since then. However, the speedy traffic recovery proved them wrong. Although the international passenger flow havent returned to the pre-crisis level, but it seems the recovery is on the right path. 2.6 Low Cost and Budget Airline Air Asia Berhad Air Asia is one of the largest low fare and no frills airline. in Low Cost Carriers (LCC) industry which providing guests with the choice of customizing services without compromising on quality and services . It operates scheduled domestic and international flights and it is also the first airline in the region to implement fully ticketless travel and unassigned seats. On 12 November 2008, Air Asia abolished fuel surcharges. In doing so, it claimed to be the first airline in the world to abolish fuel surcharges. From this statement, we can conclude that Air Asia is successful to expand their market as well as they airline had flown 55 million cumulative passengers by 2009. In 2010, it has the worlds lowest costs for an Airline, at $3.21 per seat-kilometer. Air Asia is able to attract more customers in future since they can offer lower price tickets to flight around the world. Last but not least, Air Asia is a corporate that potential to growth among the LCC industry due to its competence strategy holding. This corporate was emphasize on leanest cost structure; transparency in decision making and information sharing; safety; invest and enhance the Air Asia brand to maximize shareholder`s value; human capital development; and passion for guest satisfaction. Hence, investor can be confidence with their performance as well. 3.0 Company Analysis AirAsia is one of the award winning and largest low fare airlines in the Asia expanding rapidly since 2001. With a fleet of 72 aircrafts, AirAsia flies to over 61 domestic and international destinations with 108 routes, and operates over 400 flights daily from hubs located in Malaysia, Thailand, and Indonesia. Today, AirAsia has flown over 55 million guests across the region and continues to create more extensive route network through its associate companies. AirAsia believes in the no-frills, hassle-free, low fare business concept and feels that keeping costs low requires high efficiency in every part of the business. Through the corporate philosophy of â€Å"Now Everyone Can Fly†, AirAsia has sparked a revolution in air travel with more and more people around the region choosing AirAsia as their preferred choice of transport. AirAsia creates values through the following vision and mission. (Resources : http://www.airasia.com/my/en/aboutus/irorganizationalstructure.html?) 3.1 Mission †¢ To be the best company to work for whereby employees are treated as part of a big family †¢ Create a globally recognized ASEAN brand †¢ To attain the lowest cost so that everyone can fly with AirAsia †¢ Maintain the highest quality product, embracing technology to reduce cost and enhance service levels 3.2 Vision To continue to be the lowest cost short-haul airline in every market we serve, delivering strong organic growth through offering the lowest airfares at a profit. Leanest Cost Structure †¢ Efficient and simple point to point operations †¢ Attracting and retaining hardworking and smart people †¢ Passion for continuous cost reduction Maximise Shareholders Value †¢ Resilient profit growth through our lower cost base †¢ Expansion of the AirAsia network in a prudent and disciplined manner †¢ Invest and enhance the AirAsia brand to increase investors returns Safety †¢ Comply with the highest International Aviation Safety Standards and practices †¢ Keep operations simple and transparent †¢ Ensure the security of our People and Guests Passion for Guests Satisfaction †¢ Maintain simplicity in every application †¢ Practice the unique and friendly AirAsia experience at every opportunity †¢ Recognise the linkage between guests satisfaction and long-term success Transparency †¢ Transparency in decision-making and information sharing †¢ Optimum disclosure higher than industry norms †¢ Timeliness in disclosing information Human Capital Development †¢ Invest in both hard and soft skills †¢ Recognize all our People as contributors to our success †¢ Reward excellence and individual contributions †¢ Maintaining one brand across the Group (Resources : http://www.airasia.com/my/en/aboutus/irstrategy.html?) 3.3 Strategy (Resources : http://www.airasia.com/my/en/aboutus/irstrategy.html?) 3.4 Values 1.Safety Adopting a zero tolerance to unsafe practices and strive for zero accidents through proper training,work practices, risk management and adherence to safety regulations at all times. 2. Valuing Our People Committing to our peoples development and well-being and treating them with respect, dignity and fairness. 3.Customer Focused We care and treat everyone in the same manner that we want to be treated. 4.Integrity Practicing highest standards of ethical behaviour and demonstrate honesty in all our lines of work in order to command trust and mutual respect. 5.Excellence in Performance Setting goals beyond the best and reinforcing high quality performance standards and achieving excellence through implementing best practices. (Resources : Air Asia Annual Report 2008) 3.5 Logo 3.6 Motto â€Å"NOW EVERYONE CAN FLY† 3.7 Directors Biography Dato Abdel Aziz @ Abdul Aziz bin Abu Bakar(Non-Executive Chairman) Dato Sri Anthony Francis Fernandes (commonly known as Dato Sri Tony Fernandes) Dato Kamarudin bin Meranun (Deputy Group Chief Executive Officer) Conor Mc Carthy (Non-Executive Director) 3.8 Independent Directors Dato Leong Sonny @ Leong Khee Seong (Independent Non-Executive Director) Fam Lee Ee (Independent Non-Executive Director) Dato Mohamed Khadar bin Merican (Independent Non-Executive Director) Datuk Alias bin Ali (Independent Non-Executive Director) (Resources : http://www.airasia.com/my/en/aboutus/irdirectorsbiography.html?) Share Registrar Symphony Share Registrars Sdn Bhd Level 26, Menara Multi-Purpose, Capital Square 8 Jalan Munshi Abdullah 50100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Tel: 603-2721 2222 Fax: 603-2721 2530/1 Corporate Broker ECM Libra Berhad Stock Exchange Listing Main Board of Bursa Malaysia Securities Berhad (Listed since 22 November 2004) (Stock code: 5099) Auditors PricewaterhouseCoopers Level 10, 1 Sentral, Jalan Travers, Kuala Lumpur Sentral 50706 Kuala Lumpur Tel: 603-2173 1188 Fax: 603-2173 1288 Audit Committee Dato Leong Sonny @ Leong Khee Seong Fam Lee Ee Datuk Alias bin Ali Dato Mohamed Khadar bin Merican (Resources : Air Asia Annual Report 2008) 3.9 Major Shareholders As of 12 November 2009, about 26% of the total share capital was owned by TuneAir Sdn Bhd. AirAsia is a substantially owner managed company, the cumulative ownership by the board of directors constitutes approximately 28% of the share capital. Shareholder name No. of shares owne What Is Atherosclerosis Disease? What Is Atherosclerosis Disease? Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory condition affecting mainly the medium sized and large muscular arteries in the vasculature. Research suggests that the role of statins as a cholesterol lowering agent is only one of their many pharmacological purposes, and that they can also be used in the treatment of inflammatory conditions such as atherosclerosis. A lot of funding has gone into this area of research as its predicted that in the next 15 years, it is expected that cardiovascular related events are going to be the main cause of death worldwide. Thus there is a greater need to consider novel strategies in management of cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis. In the course of this essay I will attempt to describe how and why atherosclerosis is an inflammatory condition and how statins can be exploited as anti inflammatory agents in reducing the overall cardiovascular risk associated with the disease. There is a lot of laminar blood flow through the medium sized and large arteries in the vasculature which are the prime positions for atherosclerotic plaques to grow, making the blood flow more turbulent. This leads to the build up of ischemic tissue in organs where blood flow becomes limited leading to major vascular events as a consequence. The composition of this atheroma is the first indication that the disease is of an inflammatory origin as it matches that expected at the intermediate phase of injury. Also, as seen in other inflammatory states, monocytes are attracted to the site of inflamed tissue and differentiate into macrophages. This leads to an increase in production of inflammatory cytokines and an upregulation in toll like receptors. The plaque is largely made up of macrophages, mast cells, T cells, fibrin, collagen and platelets aggregates which indicate that the immune system has been activated to produce an inflammatory response to the insult. It is now also evident that the actual stenosis is less of a contributing factor to ischemia and that it is more of a result of the activation of plaque content, eg, macrophage and mast cells, which elicits the prothrombotic and procoagulant factors involved in thrombus formation. The role of cholesterol in plaque formation is considerable as macrophages found in the plaque composition are heavily saturated with cholesterol ester giving them their name, foam cells. Additionally, there is a lot more LDL in the circulation which has been proven to be pro inflammatory and is raised in atherosclerosis. Raised LDL in it self is a big contributing factor to the formation of foam cells as the LDL becomes oxidised and reduces de-novo synthesis of LDL receptors on endothelial cells and macrophages. Running parallel to this, CD34 scavenger receptors on these cells become unregulated so macrophages and endothelial cells engulf cholesterol and cholesterol esters in an uncontrolled manner leading to the formation of foam cells. These then set off a series of events leading to more foam cell production and plaque formation. This illustrates the important role cholesterol has in worsening the inflammatory processes involved in atherosclerosis thus foregrounding the need of s tatins to utilise their lipid and non lipid pharmacological mechanisms involved in cholesterol lowering as well as controlling the inflammation. There is a lot of evidence from experiments which link the involvement of cholesterol and inflammation in atherosclerosis. There is evidence which suggests that the presence of cholesterol results in an over expression of cell adhesion molecules, eg VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and E-selectin. Also, increased release of cytokines such as MCP-1 within the plaque as well as macrophages TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma and IL-1 which is all consistent with the inflammatory process. Additionally, mast cells are attracted and degranulated at the site of plaque formation. Other experimental evidence also shows that when cholesterol fed rats are treated with immunosuppressants; there is a reduction in the atherosclerosis. There is research into the possibility of there being some angiogenesis in the area which is consistent with the proliferative phase of repair involving the immune system. All of the above illustrates, with evidence, the inflammatory origins of atherosclerosis. Infectious agents are also associated with activating the immune system to produce a pro inflammatory response to a foreign organism. There is further evidence which illustrates that this is also true for atherosclerosis. There have been suggestions which say that infectious agents such as Chlamydia pneumoniae damage the endothelial cells in the same way as cholesterol. Infection with this organism can cause increased cell activation and expression of adhesion molecules as well as programmed cell death at site of damage. Also, there is increased cytokine expression in smooth muscle cells and the increased size of cells correlates to the neointimal thickening (plaque) associated with the disease. Overall, this leads to the recruitment and activation of immune cells such as leucocytes which are a major contributor to the inflammatory process. It was also shown through experimental models, that this infection causing the plaque formation can be treated by azithromycin which is a well es tablished immunosuppressant. All this evidence again foregrounds the strong correlation of inflammation in atherosclerosis. Now that we have established that atherosclerosis is indeed an inflammatory condition which can be exacerbated by high cholesterol and infection, the treatment strategy should therefore involve the use of statins for their cholesterol lowering and non lipid properties allowing them to be effective in resolving the inflammation. The conventional role of statins is the inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase enzyme which intern stops all the enzymatic steps occurring downstream of this enzyme to ultimately reducing hepatic cholesterol production. This leads to the inhibitory effect cholesterol has on LDL receptor synthesis being lifted so more receptors are synthesised leading to a greater uptake of cholesterol from the circulation thus lowering overall blood cholesterol levels. There is a lot of novel evidence suggesting the benefits of statins occurring before blood cholesterol reduction which illustrates that some other process must be involved. Apart from the conventional HMG-CoA reduction, statins also have non lipid related activity. They inhibit the production of mevalonic acid and isoprenoid metabolites which accounts for the apparent immunosuppressant activity of statins in atherosclerosis. In the case of inflammatory diseases, statins can also reduce smooth muscle proliferation, reduce over expression of ce ll adhesion molecules, reduce infiltration of macrophage and T cells to site of damage, inhibit antigen dependant T cell activation and reduce other inflammatory mediators such as IL-6, TNF alpha, C reactive protein and INF-gamma. Some studies have also shown the action of statins in vivo when an small experimental amount of 2ng/kg of LPS from E coli was injected into volunteers taking simvastatin or a placebo. The results of this study illustrated the non lipid effects of statins in response to insult as there was no change in blood TNFalpha in the group taking the statin which shows that statins have a role in affecting the bodys immune response to external insult. This clearly foregrounds the roles of lipid and non lipid mechanisms of action of statins in reducing serious outcomes related to the occurrences of cardiovascular events. In conclusion, it is clear from experimental evidence that atherosclerosis has been identified as an inflammatory disease. There is significant information to support the notion of using statins in a clinical setting for their lipid and non lipid effects to aid the over all reduction in the atherosclerosis and the role it has in activating an immune response. Therefore, statins can be used for their pleiotropic effects in inflammatory disease such as atherosclerosis to help alleviate the body of the inflammatory response related to the condition.

Journeys End by RC Sheriff :: essays research papers

Journey’s End The conditions of war. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Wet, muddy and dirty trenches, usually infested with rats. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Shortage of food and water supplies, they have to be disinfected with pepper/alcohol. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Officers lived in poor conditions; in dugouts- they had no proper beds. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Officers rotated every six days between the trenches. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The soldiers need to be ready at all times since the war is ongoing, therefore they are always dressed in their uniforms. The way the war was conducted. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Orders came in from the Headquarters, to carry out the raids in order to get information about the Germans. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Each side sometimes wait for each other to attack, this creates stress and pressure for the soldiers. During those intervals, the soldiers are often bored and they have no way to alleviate their boredom. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Commander of the Infantry discusses the attack plans with the Sergeant Major, who transmits the orders to the infantry. Relationships between officers and men. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  They have an easy camaraderie between each other. They act as support groups for each other. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Social class influences the relationships between the officers and the men. The officers are from the middle-class, the infantry/platoon from working-class. They are aware of their positions and act accordingly. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The officers maintained the ‘stiff-upper-lip’- they did not show their emotions in front of their soldiers. Relationship between the front-line and the Headquarters. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  HQ gave orders to carry out to the soldiers in the front-lines. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Colonel acted as the intermediary between the HQ and the Commanding officers. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Commanding officers had to send daily reports to the HQ to keep them informed about the situation in the front-lines. The effects of stress.